Designing for and around Wildlife

In Short:

In southwestern Pennsylvania, designing landscapes for and around wildlife is not only an ecological necessity but also a powerful way to enhance the region’s natural beauty and quality of life. By restoring native habitats, creating wildlife corridors, preserving wetlands, and engaging the community in conservation efforts, we can ensure that this vibrant region remains a sanctuary for both people and wildlife for generations to come.

Southwestern Pennsylvania is known for its rich biodiversity, with forests, wetlands, and river corridors that provide vital habitats for a variety of wildlife species. From red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) to antelope beetles (Dorcus parallelus) to migratory birds like the loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus), the region boasts an impressive array of animals. However, urbanization, development, and climate change pose significant challenges to these habitats. Designing landscapes that support both human communities and wildlife is essential for preserving the region's natural heritage.

Some key strategies for designing landscapes that foster coexistence between humans and wildlife:

1. Native plantings and habitat restoration

One of the most effective ways to support local wildlife is by using native plants in landscaping designs. Native species are adapted to the local climate, soil, and ecological conditions, providing the necessary food and shelter for native animals. For example, planting native grasses, shrubs, and wildflowers attracts pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, which are essential to the health of local ecosystems.

Trees like oaks, maples, and pines offer habitat for birds, squirrels, and insects, while shrubs like elderberry and serviceberry provide fruit for birds and small mammals. Restoring native habitats not only supports wildlife but also helps maintain regional biodiversity and strengthens the overall ecosystem.

2. Creating wildlife corridors

Wildlife corridors are areas of land that connect fragmented habitats, allowing animals to travel safely between them. These corridors are crucial for species that need to migrate, forage, or breed. Southwestern Pennsylvania is home to various forested areas, wetlands, and riparian zones, which can serve as natural corridors. However, urban sprawl often isolates these patches of habitat.

Designing landscapes with wildlife corridors in mind can help mitigate the effects of habitat fragmentation. This could include creating green spaces, planting native vegetation, and ensuring that roads, fences, and buildings do not obstruct animal movement. For instance, green roofs, urban parks, and riparian buffers along rivers and streams can serve as connective pathways for wildlife, allowing them to move freely between habitats.

3. Water conservation and wetland preservation

Water is a critical resource for both wildlife and humans, especially in southwestern Pennsylvania where the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio rivers converge.

Wetlands and riparian zones provide habitat for amphibians, birds, and fish, while also filtering pollutants and reducing flood risks.

Landscaping practices should prioritize the preservation and restoration of wetland areas. Rain gardens, bioswales, and permeable pavements can help manage stormwater runoff, reduce flooding, and create water features that attract wildlife. Retaining natural streambanks and planting native vegetation along rivers and streams also supports water quality and provides safe environments for species like trout and waterfowl.

4. Wildlife-friendly gardens and urban landscaping

Urban environments are increasingly seen as opportunities to design wildlife-friendly spaces. By incorporating elements such as birdhouses, bat boxes, and pollinator-friendly plants, cities and towns can enhance their biodiversity. Community gardens and urban farms that focus on native plants and organic practices also support local wildlife.

Incorporating wildlife-friendly elements into public spaces, private yards, and even business landscapes encourages residents to create environments that prioritize wildlife conservation. Whether it's planting a variety of flowers to attract butterflies or creating small pond habitats for frogs, even small changes can have a significant impact.

5. Engaging the community

Designing landscapes for wildlife requires the involvement of the community. Education about the importance of native plants, wildlife-friendly gardening practices, and the need for habitat protection can inspire residents to make a positive difference. Collaboration between local governments, conservation organizations, landscapers, and homeowners is essential for creating sustainable, wildlife-friendly environments.

As urbanization and environmental challenges continue to grow, thoughtful landscape design offers a sustainable path forward, ensuring that both nature and people can thrive together in harmony. With collective effort and a deep appreciation for the natural world, we can safeguard the biodiversity that makes this region truly special for future generations.